C-of-O, Governor's Consent, Excision: Land Titles Explained
By Idris Akande
The single most expensive mistake land buyers make is ignoring title. We break down every document in plain English.
In Nigerian real estate, title is everything. Two plots side by side can differ in value enormously based purely on the documents that back them. Here is what each key term actually means — in plain English.
Certificate of Occupancy (C-of-O)
A C-of-O is the strongest everyday evidence of a right to occupy and use land, granted by the state governor for a term (commonly 99 years). It confirms the government recognises your interest in that specific parcel. When available, it offers the greatest peace of mind.
Governor's Consent
When land that already has a C-of-O is sold, the law requires the governor's consent to the transfer. Buying land with a C-of-O without obtaining Governor's Consent on your purchase leaves your transaction legally incomplete. Always budget for it.
Excision and Gazette
Excision is the process by which the government releases a portion of land to the original community owners, recorded in an official Gazette. A plot within an excised, gazetted area is generally safe to buy and can later be perfected to C-of-O.
The rule of thumb: never pay for land until you have independently confirmed its title status. Every Living Architecture plot ships with registered, verifiable documentation — and our legal team walks you through exactly what you are receiving.
Written by
Idris Akande
Living Architecture Limited
